What are two types of non-statistical sampling?

• A. biased and judgmental sampling
• B. simple random sampling
• C. stratified random sampling
• D. probabilistic sampling

Answer: (A)

Non-statistical sampling relies on non-random selection and subjective judgment rather than probability-based methods. The two forms that fit this are biased sampling and judgmental (purposive) sampling. In biased sampling, the way units are chosen tends to skew the sample toward certain outcomes or groups, making it unrepresentative of the whole population. Judgmental sampling selects units based on the investigator’s opinion about what represents the population, which introduces subjectivity and limits generalizability. The other options involve randomness or probability: simple random sampling uses random selection; stratified random sampling adds random sampling within subgroups; probabilistic sampling relies on probability theory to choose units. Since the question seeks non-statistical types, biased and judgmental sampling are the correct pair.