What is an approach involving targeted sampling based on known information, requiring background information or professional judgment?

• A. A non-statistical
• B. Simple random
• C. Stratified random
• D. Systematic grid

Answer: (A)

Non-statistical sampling involves targeting samples based on known information and professional judgment rather than random selection. When you have background data or expert insight pointing to where issues are most likely or where information would be most informative, you deliberately choose those specific units or locations to sample. This approach prioritizes relevance and practicality, and it doesn’t rely on probability-based rules to select samples.

Simple random sampling, by contrast, selects units purely by chance, so no prior knowledge guides the selection. Stratified random sampling splits the population into groups and then samples randomly within those groups, which is still probability-based and aims for representativeness. A systematic grid uses a regular pattern or interval to sample, which is a structured method that doesn’t hinge on targeted expertise to the same extent.