Which sampling method is also known as haphazard sampling and is used when information suggests contamination in specific areas of a site?

• A. Judgmental sampling
• B. Biased sampling
• C. Random sampling
• D. Systematic sampling

Answer: (B)

Non-probability sampling aimed at known problem spots is what this question is about. Haphazard sampling means collecting samples in a casual, unplanned way—often where access is easiest or where you suspect contamination. Because you’re concentrating sampling in those likely-contaminated areas, the data will be biased toward those spots, which is why this approach is called biased sampling. It’s a practical choice when you have information suggesting hotspots, trading broad representativeness for focusing resources on likely problem areas. In contrast, random sampling would spread samples across the site, systematic sampling follows a regular pattern, and judgmental sampling relies on expert selection to target representativeness rather than hotspots.